Bagi Siapakah Kristus Mati? Memahami Atonement dalam Injil Yohanes dan Surat Roma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47900/nptrs.v3i1.59Keywords:
penebusan, limited atonement, universal redemption, Injil Yohanes, Surat RomaAbstract
Penebusan merupakan pokok teologi yang penting dalam Alkitab. Meskipun demikian, dalam teks-teks tertentu pokok ajaran tersebut tampak bertentangan, khususnya dalam memahami bagi siapakah Kristus telah mati. Hal inilah yang menjadi pokok perdebatan dari mereka yang percaya general redemption dan limited atonement. Pertanyaan yang akan dijawab dalam tulisan ini adalah bagaimana memahami teks-teks Perjanjian Baru mendukung pandangan general redemption ataukah limited atonement. Penulis akan menggunakan metode penafsiran linguistic exegesis dan akan menelaah beberapa teks dari Injil Yohanes dan Surat Paulus kepada jemaat Roma yang berbicara mengenai karya penebusan Kristus.
References
Armitage, C. Atonement and Ethics in 1 John: A Peacemaking Hermeneutics. LNTS. London: T&T Clark, 2021.
Bauckham, R. Jesus and the Eyewitnesses: The Gospels as Eyewitness Testimony. GR: Eerdmans, 2006.
———, ed. The Gospels for All Christians: Rethinking the Gospel Audiences. GR: Eerdmans, 1998.
Bauckham, R.J. The Testimony of the Beloved Disciple: Narrative, History, and Theology in the Gospel of John. GR: Baker, 2007.
Bavinck, H. Reformed Dogmatics: Abridged in One Volume. Translated by J. Bolt. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2011.
Beale, G.K. The Book of Revelation. NIGTC. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999.
Beasley-Murray. John. WBC. Waco: Word, 1987.
Beeke, J.R. “The Atonement in Herman Bavinck ‘s Theology.” In Glory of the Atonement, edited by C.E. Hill and F.E. James. Downers Grove: IVP, 2004.
Bierma, L.D. The Theology of the Heidelberg Catechism: A Reformation Synthesis. CTS. Louisville: WJK, 2013.
Brant, J.A. John. PCNT. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2011.
Brodie, T.L. The Gospel According to John: A Literary and Theological Commentary. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Carson, D.A. “Adumbrations of Atonement Theology in the Fourth Gospel.” JETS 57, no. 3 (2014): 513–22.
———. The Gospel According to John. PNTC. Leicester: IVP, 1991.
DeSilva, D.A. Honor, Patronage, Kinship, and Purity: Unlocking New Testament Culture. Downers Grove: IVP, 2000.
Erickson, M.J. Christian Theology. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1985.
Grudem, W. Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine. Downers Grove: IVP, 1994.
Guthrie, G.H. The Structure of Hebrews: A Text-Linguistic Analysis. SNovT 73. Leiden: Brill, 1994.
House, H.W., and K.A. Roberts. Charts on Systematic Theology Volume 1: Prolegomena. KCBT. Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2006.
Jewett, R. Romans. Hermeneia. Minneapolis: Fortress, 2006.
Johnson, A.J., ed. T&T Clark Companion to Atonement. London: Bloomsbury, 2017.
Keener, C.S. The Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2003.
Kim, Jintae. “The Concept of Atonement in the Gospel of John.” JGRChJ 6 (2009): 9–27.
Klink, E.W. “The Gospel of John.” In T&T Clark Companion to Atonement, 515–21. London: Bloomsbury, 2017.
Köstenberger, A.J. John. BECNT. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2004.
Laansma, J.C., G.H. Guthrie, and C.L. Westfall, eds. So Grat Salvation: A Dialogue on the Atonement in Hebrews. LNTS 516. London: T&T Clark, 2019.
Louw, J.P., and E.A. Nida, eds. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains. Vol. 1. New York: UBS, 1989.
Luther, M. Bondage of Will. Translated by J.I. Packer and O.R. Johnston. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1957.
Macdonald, G., ed. “All Shall Be Well”: Explorations in Universalism and Christian Theology from Origen to Moltmann. Eugene: Wipf and Stock, 2011.
Matera, F.J. Romans. PCNT. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2010.
McGrath, A.E. Christian Theology: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell, 2017.
———. Christian Theology Reader. Oxford: Blackwell, 2017.
———. Historical Theology. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 2013.
McHugh. John 1-4. ICC. London: T&T Clark, 2009.
Moffitt, D.M. Atonement and the Logic of Resurrection in the Epistle to the Hebrews. SNovT. Leiden: Brill, 2011.
Moo, D.J. The Letter of James. PNTC. GR: Eerdmans, 2000.
Morris, L. The Atonement: Its Meaning and Significance. Downers Grove: IVP, 1983.
Porter, S.E. The Letter to the Romans: A Linguistic and Literary Commentary. NTM 37. Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix, 2015.
———. Verbal Aspect in the Greek of the New Testament. SBG 1. New York: Peter Lang, 1989.
Reardon. The Politics of Salvation: Lukan Soteriology, Atonement,and the Victory of Christ. LNTS 642. London: T&T Clark, 2021.
Ridderbos, H. The Gospel of John: A Theological Commentary. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997.
Seeley, D. The Noble Death: Graeco-Roman Martyrology and Paul’s Concept of Salvation. LNTS 28. Sheffield: JSOT, 1990.






